Pratique des Biostatistiques
Dernière modification: 27 juin 2011

Coefficient de corrélation

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Le coefficient de corrélation (noté r) est calculé à partir de la covariance:

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Le coefficient de corrélation quantifie l'intensité et le sens de la relation qui existe entre deux variables. C'est un nombre pur sans unités compris entre -1 et +1.

Si les deux variables varient indépendamment l'une de l'autre, sa valeur est de 0. Si les deux variables évoluent parallèlement (Y augmente lorsque X augmente), sa valeur sera positive, avec un maximum de 1 (lorsque l'évolution de Y est directement proportionnelle à celle de x). Si les deux variables évoluent à l'inverse l'une de l'autre, sa valeur sera négative, avec un minimum de -1.

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Le coefficient de corrélation entre X et Y dépend de la proximité des points autour de la droite et de l'orientation du nuage de points. Si les points sont tous alignés sur la droite, le coefficient de corrélation est égal à 1 en valeur absolue, pour autant que la pente de la droite soit différente de 0.