Pratique des Biostatistiques
Dernière modification: 19 juillet 2011

Intervalle de confiance d'une proportion

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Principe général :

Le principe de l'intervalle de confiance d'un paramètre d'une population est toujours le même. La formulation générale en est :

L'intervalle de confiance = statistique de l'échantillon ± ε.

La probabilité que le paramètre de population soit situé dans cet intervalle est la confiance. ε est d'autant plus grand que la confiance souhaitée est élevée.

Cas particulier d'une proportion :

L'intervalle de confiance d'une proportion π est P ± ε avec

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Exemple :

Dans le cas d'une contamination d'un grand cheptel bovin par la bactérie Brucella abortus, un vétérinaire observe 53 avortements pour 134 vaches gestantes.
Quel risque d'avortement peut -il prédire dans le cheptel ?

Proportion : 53/134 = 0,40

Pour une confiance de 95% la borne supérieure de Z0,975 = 1,96

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Le risque d'avortement dans le cheptel a 95 chances sur 100 d'être compris entre 0,317 et 0,483.